Ama-prospects angamakhaya emkhulweni westeel
Ngokuthi ukufundiswa kwezinye izinto ezihluhleni zokugcina ngezandla nokulayishwa kwezindlunkulu kunye nomunye umlinganiselo, iindlebe eziningi lokunye neZamerika, Japani, Ufalaki, Ostralia nokulandelana, bafuna ukwenqaba nokuthuthukisa okusetyenziswa nokubhedlela kweziqhakamshini ezilowera ezintathu.
I-Australia kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo 1960 yazisa ingcamango "yokufakwa ngokukhawuleza kwezindlu ezenziwe kwangaphambili", kodwa ngenxa yokuba imarike ingakhuli ayizange iphuhliswe kakuhle. Ngowe-1987, izakhiwo zentsimbi eziqinileyo ezenziwe ngamanzi abandayo zavela, kwaye ikhowudi edibeneyo yaseOstreliya naseNew Zealand AS/NZS4600 yeKhowudi yeSinyithi esenziwe ngamanzi abandayo yakhutshwa ngo-1996. Oku kukwazi ukuthwala intsimbi kuphezulu, xa kuthelekiswa nokuthwala okufanayo komthi, kuphela 1/3 ubunzima bomthi, umphezulu u-galvanized kwaye ukuqina kunokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-75 ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu .
Ngokwamazwano, i-light steel villas e-United States inemva kakhulu kodwa, nge-1965 i-young steel villas e-United States ibheka into yisishiyagalombili sesikhathi somkhuthazo; Ngonyaka 1990, wakhiwa ku-53%, ngonyaka 1993 ku-68%, kunye ngonyaka 2000 ku-75%. Ukubuyiselwa nokusebenzisa kwesikhwama sokudala kunye nezinye iziphumo zokusebenza, kunye nokuphucumana kwezifundo ezilungileyo, kunye nokuba kuhlanganisiwe ngokwesigaba, ukufundiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu, kuhlanganisiwe ngokukho kakhulu, amaxoxo angu-100%, kunye nokukhutshwa komkhuthazo wesentloko esidingeni, ezininzi elizama ukusebenza, imibhalo, kunye nezindlela, kwaye ukusebenzisa kuhlanganisiwe ngokuthi ngu-40%.
Ngemva kokudala, iindlela zokubhunta ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi lokusebenzisa amacompotiyenti wonke osebenza ngeesithunywa esiqhele kakhulu sisebenzela ngokuphumeleleyo ePhutha-Aifurika neNgcweni nemibhalo ebukhulu yobukhushwa obushona, kunye nokuba kuhlanganiswa njengeentloko ezinezinye ezinikezayo okungabizwa, efumanekayo kwindawo enkulu yokugcina okufuneka kuziphiwe, eyayisebenziswa kwindawo zikamposini, izindlu, amasitolo esikhuni, amakhophu, izikole, izilwandle, amakhesheni omnyama kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa. KuStraliya, izindlu ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi ezidingezwe ngumoya umhlaba wokuqala wokuyishumi nembili usuku lapho zizibhenzeka, uzihlinzekile ngemali yesithathu nesibhenzi ngemali yesithathu, uzihlinzekile ngemali yesithathu nesibhenzi ngemali yesithathu, uzihlinzekile ngemali yesithathu nesibhenzi ngemali yesithathu; Ngenxelo yeNgcweni, imigomo yezindlu ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi sezivela kwi-55 000 ngo-1990s ukuze zivele ku-325 000 ngo-2000. Ngoku kwakhiwe, le ndawo yokubhunta ngamaxesha eliphakathi yakhiwo yezindlu ezincinci ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi yakhiwo yezindlu ezincinci ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi yakhiwo yezindlu ezincinci ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi yakhiwo yezindlu ezincinci ezinethiwe ngamaxesha eliphakathi yakhiwo.
Kunezinyathelo ezifunekayo ukuba isistimu sesele esitshalweni, okufakile ngekhaya elinye lemanje nekhaya efanelekileyo nokulula kunye nephi ndawo, udale ngokushesha kunye nokuthiwa ngaphambili: Ukubonisa ngezifo zezisele ezikhathaleni, isistimu sokugcina amakhaya angasele, ngokuphela isistimu sokugcina amakhaya angasele ephakamiswayo, ngokuphela umsebenzi wokusebenziswa kwekomponyenti zakhe nokuhlola kwezimali, kufanele ukuba kwisebenza ngokulandelana, ukuze londawo alandelwe yindlela yokusebenza.
(1) Isistimu sesele somndeni uyavuka, ungenzi lokungaphezulu, uphumaphandle komthimba engenziweyo, usukeli oluhle. Umnyango wendawo wakho uvukelwe, ubungaqinisekanga ngokusho kwi-concrete structure.
(2) Ikomponyenti zekele lesesele zizosebenzisa nokuhlola kwezimali, uzisebenza ngokulandelana, kufanele ukuba kwisebenza ngokulandelana, ukuze londawo alandelwe yindlela yokusebenza.
(3) Umphasi wokubhala kwezinye zintathu ngenqanawe, kunene kakhulu, futhi isiphumo sokuqhubeka ngaphandle komkhakha we-concrete ngamabini amashumi angasithoba. Isikhatsi sonyawo siyilayide lemfu, okungakho kuyibona ubukhulu-bekhulu bese uvela ngokushesha, uphelele nokulandelayo kwezindlela ezidingiswayo kwesikolo.
(4) Izicatshulwa nezixhobo zomlilo ezintsha zizohlala kwiqhakambiso, uzimelo olungileyo, kufanele ukugcwalisa. Kufuneka kusetyenziswa izipaneli zokuphakamisa nezokuhlola umdlalo, amaphaneli yesiqephu, nezipaneli zonyawo ezinomsindo omkhulu nokuhlanganiswa ngokwesobizo, phakathi kokuba kube ngokuthi kuhluke imfundo yezinto.
(5) Ukubhala kwebhila elincinci lalapho kukho ingxoxo engaphezulu, kunezicatshulwa ezinomsindo esingazange, iimeko ezisetshenziswa ziyinombuso ongahlanganiswa noma zingavakasha ukusetyenziswa, kudinga ukusihliselela indlela yokuhlola lokusemva kolwandle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwegumbi elikhulu nokuthuthukisa, kunye nomgomo wesethulo.
(6) Umgodi wesi-steel elincane ulungisa isikhathu sokugcina okanye ukusihlwa, kunjalo nesistrakichi esisodwa. Ukuphela kwesi-steel esincane kukho ngemvelo 30%, kunye nokuthi iimitha ezi-CO2 zidinga izinyezi ezinomsindo ezintathu.
Ngokwesiphumo sokuqalekileyo, icosthi yesistimu sesi-steel esincane kuhluke noma kube ngqo nezinto zakhozeletho zesitrakichi yesikhangeli somkhonto weziqhaza kunye nokubhala kwiilayenti elandelayo, kunye nokuba kuyindlela elibonakalayo. Ukubonelela ngokukuya emva kokusebenza kakhulu, umoya wosusa nokulungiselela isikhathu, ukuhlukaniswa kweesi-steel esincane kuhluke, inani lemkhondo yezigama lalokhu kuhluke, lokhu kuzoba kuhlukana ngeendaweni ezintsha "ezingaphandle" ekhethweni lezindawo. Amagodi amasi-steel angenziwe ngokukhangana kumahhobe, utshintsho olunyekelwa, indlu yokushintsha, amafutheleli wesikhathi, amaxwebhu omncedisiweyo, amaxwebhu alandelwayo, ukubuyisela ngemuva komkhulumnyango, amaxesha, iklayibu, amaxesha akuyiziphi, amaxesha amanani, izikole, kunye nokubhala kwenkcwadi yesintu.