Light steel villa market amathemba
Ngenxa yokomelezwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokunqongophala kwemithi kunye nezinye izinto, amazwe amaninzi afana ne-United States, iJapan, i-United Kingdom, i-Australia, njl.
EOstreliya kwangeminyaka yoo-1960s yabeka phambili umbono “wofakelo olukhawulezileyo lwezindlu ezenziwe ngaphambili”, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imakethi ingekavuthwa ayikaphuhliswanga kakuhle. Ngomnyaka we-1987, izakhiwo zentsimbi ezipholileyo eziphakamileyo ezibandayo zavela, kunye nekhowudi edibeneyo yase-Australia-New Zealand AS / NZS4600 i-Code ye-Structural Steel Code yakhutshwa ngo-1996. umthi, kuphela i-1/3 yobunzima bomthi, umphezulu ufakwe intsimbi, kwaye ukuqina kunokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-75 ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu..
Ngokweengxelo, i-villas yensimbi elula e-United States iyona nto ikhula ngokukhawuleza, i-1965 i-villas encinci ye-steel e-United States ibalwa kuphela kwi-15% yemarike yokwakha; Ngowe-1990, liye lantinga laya kutsho kuma-53 ekhulwini, ngowe-1993 laya kutsho kuma-68 ekhulwini, laza ngowama-2000 laya kutsho kuma-75 ekhulwini. Ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nolandelelwano lwamacandelo okuhlala kunye namacandelo, kunye nenqanaba lobungcali, urhwebo kunye nentlalontle iphezulu kakhulu, phantse i-100%, kunye nokuqeshwa koomatshini bokwakha abahlukeneyo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ziphuhlisiwe kakhulu, kwaye isidanga sorhwebo yi-40%.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izakhiwo zenkqubo yentsimbi yentsimbi ekhanyayo kunye nawo onke amacandelo asebenzisa intsimbi epholileyo ikhula ngokukhawuleza eYurophu nase-United States njengendlela yokwakha esakhulayo, kwaye iya isanda ibe yimpahla ekhethekileyo enokuthi i-odolwe, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivillas. iindawo zokuhlala, iindawo ezibukekayo, iiklabhu zeofisi, izikolo, izibhedlele, izakhiwo zorhwebo njalo njalo. E-Australia, malunga ne-600 yezigidi zeedola zokukhanya kwe-steel keel izindlu ezivaliweyo zakhiwe ngonyaka ngamnye 120,000, ezibalelwa malunga ne-24% yexabiso lalo lonke ishishini lokwakha e-Australia; EUnited States, inani lezindlu ezakhiwe kusetyenziswa le nkqubo liye lantinga ukusuka kuma-55,000 1990 phakathi kwiminyaka yee-325,000 ukuya kutsho kuma-2000 XNUMX ngowama-XNUMX. Ngoku, le ndlu yentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu iyeyona ndlela iphambili yokwakha kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho.
Kukho izizathu ezinzulu zokuba kutheni inkqubo ye-villa yensimbi ekhanyayo, kubandakanywa izindlu ezinemigangatho kunye nemigangatho emininzi kunye namagumbi, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhula ngokunyuka: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezindlu zesakhiwo sentsimbi, inkqubo yezindlu edibeneyo yentsimbi, ngakumbi. indlu yentsimbi yentsimbi epholileyo eyenziwe ngokubanda, ineengenelo ezizodwa ezibanzi:
(1) I-villa yensimbi ekhanyayo ubunzima, amandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-seismic, ukhuseleko oluphezulu. I-self-weight yesakhiwo ilula, ilingana kuphela malunga nesiqingatha sesakhiwo sekhonkrithi.
(2) Amacandelo enkqubo yentsimbi yentsimbi ekhanyayo yokuvelisa kunye nomatshini, iqondo eliphezulu lokurhweba, kulula ukufikelela kwi-industryization, ushishino lunokunciphisa ixesha lokwakha.
(3) Icandelo lecandelo lincinci, kwaye indawo yokwakha esebenzayo inokunyuswa malunga ne-8% xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo sekhonkrithi. Uphahla luthatha isakhiwo sesakhelo sentsimbi, esinokwakha ifom yophahla olutyebileyo kunye nombala, ukubonakala okuhle, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntu wesakhiwo.
(4) Amanzi angaphakathi kunye nemibhobho yombane yonke inokugqunyelelwa eludongeni, imo ebhetyebhetye, kulula ukuyilungisa. Ilungele ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye neepaneli zodonga zokulondoloza amandla, iipaneli zomgangatho kunye neepaneli zophahla ezinokuhambelana okuphezulu kwezesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nesiphumo sokugcina amandla silungile.
(5) Ingxolo yolwakhiwo lwentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu yentsimbi iphantsi, inkunkuma yokwakha incinci, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zezona zinto zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye zingonakaliseka lula, zilungele ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zesakhiwo esiluhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, zezendalo eluhlaza- isakhiwo esinobuhlobo.
(6) Ukugcinwa kwamandla e-villa yensimbi ekhanyayo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo esixubeneyo esiqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane okukhanya kwesakhiwo sensimbi yi-30%, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioksidi kuncitshiswa ngama-67%.
Ngokweziphumo zesicelo esisebenzayo, ixabiso lenkqubo ye-villa yentsimbi ekhanyayo iphantsi kancinane okanye ilingana naleyo yenkqubo yesakhiwo sekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo kwindawo yenyikima kunye nokwakhiwa komhlaba othambileyo, kwaye inokhuphiswano oluqinileyo. Ukuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, uphuhliso kunye neemfuno zokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, ithemba lokuphuhliswa kwe-villa yensimbi elula, imfuno yemarike inkulu, iya kuba yinto entsha "yokuthengisa" kwimarike yezindlu. Iivillas zentsimbi ezikhanyayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivillas, iiholide zabakhenkethi, iindawo zokulala zeenkampu, iindawo ezibukekayo, amakhaya ahambahambayo, ulwakhiwo ngokutsha lwasemva kwentlekele, iiofisi, iiklabhu, iiofisi zentengiso, izindlu eziyimodeli, izikolo kunye nokwakhiwa kweendawo ezintsha zasemaphandleni ekuhlaleni ezidolophini.